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docs: Dynamically turn subdirectives into links to anchors (#190)
* docs: Dynamically turn subdirectives into links to anchors * Make entire rows clickable on directive page's table
This commit is contained in:
Francis Lavoie
GitHub
parent
3dac36ebc8
commit
c5e3aef0a2
8 changed files with 231 additions and 124 deletions
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@ -2,6 +2,28 @@
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title: reverse_proxy (Caddyfile directive)
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---
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<script>
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$(function() {
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// Fix response matchers to render with the right color,
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// and link to response matchers section
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$('pre.chroma .k:contains("@")')
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.map(function(k, item) {
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let text = item.innerText.replace(/</g,'<').replace(/>/g,'>');
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let url = '#' + item.innerText.replace(/_/g, "-");
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$(item).addClass('nd').removeClass('k')
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$(item).html('<a href="#response-matcher" style="color: inherit;" title="Response matcher">' + text + '</a>');
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});
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// Fix matcher placeholder
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$('pre.chroma .k:contains("handle_response")').first().nextAll().slice(0, 3)
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.wrapAll('<span class="nd">').parent()
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.html('<a href="#response-matcher" style="color: inherit;" title="Response matcher">[<matcher>]</a>')
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// We'll add links to all the subdirectives if a matching anchor tag is found on the page.
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addLinksToSubdirectives();
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});
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</script>
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# reverse_proxy
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Proxies requests to one or more backends with configurable transport, load balancing, health checking, header manipulation, and buffering options.
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@ -83,7 +105,7 @@ reverse_proxy [<matcher>] [<upstreams...>] {
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### Upstreams
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- **<upstreams...>** is a list of upstreams (backends) to which to proxy.
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- **to** is an alternate way to specify the list of upstreams, one (or more) per line.
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- **to** <span id="to"/> is an alternate way to specify the list of upstreams, one (or more) per line.
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Upstream addresses can take the form of a conventional [Caddy network address](/docs/conventions#network-addresses) or a URL that contains only scheme and host/port, with a special exception that the scheme may be prefixed by `srv+` to enable SRV DNS record lookups for load balancing. Valid examples:
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@ -111,7 +133,7 @@ When proxying over HTTPS, you may need to override the `Host` header (which by d
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Load balancing is used whenever more than one upstream is defined.
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- **lb_policy** is the name of the load balancing policy, along with any options. Default: `random`. Can be:
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- **lb_policy** <span id="lb_policy"/> is the name of the load balancing policy, along with any options. Default: `random`. Can be:
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- `random` - randomly choose an upstream
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- `random_choose <n>` - selects two or more upstreams randomly, then chooses one with least load (`n` is usually 2)
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- `first` - choose first available upstream, from the order they are defined in the config
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@ -122,8 +144,8 @@ Load balancing is used whenever more than one upstream is defined.
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- `header [field]` - map request header to sticky upstream
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- `cookie [<name> [<secret>]]` - based on the given cookie (default name is `lb` if not specified), which value is hashed; optionally with a secret for HMAC-SHA256
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- **lb_try_duration** is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that defines how long to try selecting available backends for each request if the next available host is down. By default, this retry is disabled. Clients will wait for up to this long while the load balancer tries to find an available upstream host.
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- **lb_try_interval** is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that defines how long to wait between selecting the next host from the pool. Default is `250ms`. Only relevant when a request to an upstream host fails. Be aware that setting this to 0 with a non-zero `lb_try_duration` can cause the CPU to spin if all backends are down and latency is very low.
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- **lb_try_duration** <span id="lb_try_duration"/> is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that defines how long to try selecting available backends for each request if the next available host is down. By default, this retry is disabled. Clients will wait for up to this long while the load balancer tries to find an available upstream host.
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- **lb_try_interval** <span id="lb_try_interval"/> is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that defines how long to wait between selecting the next host from the pool. Default is `250ms`. Only relevant when a request to an upstream host fails. Be aware that setting this to 0 with a non-zero `lb_try_duration` can cause the CPU to spin if all backends are down and latency is very low.
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@ -131,13 +153,13 @@ Load balancing is used whenever more than one upstream is defined.
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Active health checks perform health checking in the background on a timer:
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- **health_uri** is the URI path (and optional query) for active health checks.
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- **health_port** is the port to use for active health checks, if different from the upstream's port.
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- **health_interval** is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that defines how often to perform active health checks.
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- **health_timeout** is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that defines how long to wait for a reply before marking the backend as down.
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- **health_status** is the HTTP status code to expect from a healthy backend. Can be a 3-digit status code, or a status code class ending in `xx`. For example: `200` (which is the default), or `2xx`.
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- **health_body** is a substring or regular expression to match on the response body of an active health check. If the backend does not return a matching body, it will be marked as down.
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- **health_headers** allows specifying headers to set on the active health check requests. This is useful if you need to change the `Host` header, or if you need to provide some authentication to your backend as part of your health checks.
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- **health_uri** <span id="health_uri"/> is the URI path (and optional query) for active health checks.
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- **health_port** <span id="health_port"/> is the port to use for active health checks, if different from the upstream's port.
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- **health_interval** <span id="health_interval"/> is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that defines how often to perform active health checks.
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- **health_timeout** <span id="health_timeout"/> is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that defines how long to wait for a reply before marking the backend as down.
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- **health_status** <span id="health_status"/> is the HTTP status code to expect from a healthy backend. Can be a 3-digit status code, or a status code class ending in `xx`. For example: `200` (which is the default), or `2xx`.
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- **health_body** <span id="health_body"/> is a substring or regular expression to match on the response body of an active health check. If the backend does not return a matching body, it will be marked as down.
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- **health_headers** <span id="health_headers"/> allows specifying headers to set on the active health check requests. This is useful if you need to change the `Host` header, or if you need to provide some authentication to your backend as part of your health checks.
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@ -145,11 +167,11 @@ Active health checks perform health checking in the background on a timer:
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Passive health checks happen inline with actual proxied requests:
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- **fail_duration** is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that defines how long to remember a failed request. A duration > 0 enables passive health checking.
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- **max_fails** is the maximum number of failed requests within fail_timeout that are needed before considering a backend to be down; must be >= 1; default is 1.
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- **unhealthy_status** counts a request as failed if the response comes back with one of these status codes. Can be a 3-digit status code or a status code class ending in `xx`, for example: `404` or `5xx`.
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- **unhealthy_latency** is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that counts a request as failed if it takes this long to get a response.
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- **unhealthy_request_count** is the permissible number of simultaneous requests to a backend before marking it as down.
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- **fail_duration** <span id="fail_duration"/> is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that defines how long to remember a failed request. A duration > 0 enables passive health checking.
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- **max_fails** <span id="max_fails"/> is the maximum number of failed requests within fail_timeout that are needed before considering a backend to be down; must be >= 1; default is 1.
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- **unhealthy_status** <span id="unhealthy_status"/> counts a request as failed if the response comes back with one of these status codes. Can be a 3-digit status code or a status code class ending in `xx`, for example: `404` or `5xx`.
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- **unhealthy_latency** <span id="unhealthy_latency"/> is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that counts a request as failed if it takes this long to get a response.
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- **unhealthy_request_count** <span id="unhealthy_request_count"/> is the permissible number of simultaneous requests to a backend before marking it as down.
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@ -157,10 +179,10 @@ Passive health checks happen inline with actual proxied requests:
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The proxy **buffers responses** by default for wire efficiency:
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- **flush_interval** is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that adjusts how often Caddy should flush the response buffer to the client. By default, no periodic flushing is done. A negative value disables response buffering, and flushes immediately after each write to the client. This option is ignored when the upstream's response is recognized as a streaming response, or if its content length is `-1`; for such responses, writes are flushed to the client immediately.
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- **buffer_requests** will cause the proxy to read the entire request body into a buffer before sending it upstream. This is very inefficient and should only be done if the upstream requires reading request bodies without delay (which is something the upstream application should fix).
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- **buffer_responses** will cause the entire response body to be read and buffered in memory before being proxied to the client. This should be avoided if at all possible for performance reasons, but could be useful if the backend has tighter memory constraints.
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- **max_buffer_size** if body buffering is enabled, this sets the maximum size of the buffers used for the requests and responses. This accepts all size formats supported by [go-humanize](https://github.com/dustin/go-humanize/blob/master/bytes.go).
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- **flush_interval** <span id="flush_interval"/> is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that adjusts how often Caddy should flush the response buffer to the client. By default, no periodic flushing is done. A negative value disables response buffering, and flushes immediately after each write to the client. This option is ignored when the upstream's response is recognized as a streaming response, or if its content length is `-1`; for such responses, writes are flushed to the client immediately.
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- **buffer_requests** <span id="buffer_requests"/> will cause the proxy to read the entire request body into a buffer before sending it upstream. This is very inefficient and should only be done if the upstream requires reading request bodies without delay (which is something the upstream application should fix).
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- **buffer_responses** <span id="buffer_responses"/> will cause the entire response body to be read and buffered in memory before being proxied to the client. This should be avoided if at all possible for performance reasons, but could be useful if the backend has tighter memory constraints.
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- **max_buffer_size** <span id="max_buffer_size"/> if body buffering is enabled, this sets the maximum size of the buffers used for the requests and responses. This accepts all size formats supported by [go-humanize](https://github.com/dustin/go-humanize/blob/master/bytes.go).
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@ -168,8 +190,8 @@ The proxy **buffers responses** by default for wire efficiency:
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The proxy can **manipulate headers** between itself and the backend:
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- **header_up** Sets, adds, removes, or performs a replacement in a request header going upstream to the backend.
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- **header_down** Sets, adds, removes, or performs a replacement in a response header coming downstream from the backend.
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- **header_up** <span id="header_up"/> Sets, adds, removes, or performs a replacement in a request header going upstream to the backend.
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- **header_down** <span id="header_down"/> Sets, adds, removes, or performs a replacement in a response header coming downstream from the backend.
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#### Defaults
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@ -198,7 +220,7 @@ reverse_proxy https://example.com {
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Caddy's proxy **transport** is pluggable:
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- **transport** defines how to communicate with the backend. Default is `http`.
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- **transport** <span id="transport"/> defines how to communicate with the backend. Default is `http`.
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#### The `http` transport
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@ -227,25 +249,25 @@ transport http {
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}
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```
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- **read_buffer** is the size of the read buffer in bytes.
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- **write_buffer** is the size of the write buffer in bytes.
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- **max_response_header** is the maximum amount of bytes to read from response headers.
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- **dial_timeout** is how long to wait when connecting to the upstream socket. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations).
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- **dial_fallback_delay** is how long to wait before spawning an RFC 6555 Fast Fallback connection. A negative value disables this. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations).
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- **response_header_timeout** is how long to wait for reading response headers from the upstream. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations).
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- **expect_continue_timeout** is how long to wait for the upstreams's first response headers after fully writing the request headers if the request has the header `Expect: 100-continue`. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations).
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- **tls** uses HTTPS with the backend. This will be enabled automatically if you specify backends using the `https://` scheme or port `:443`.
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- **tls_client_auth** enables TLS client authentication one of two ways: (1) by specifying a domain name for which Caddy should obtain a certificate and keep it renewed, or (2) by specifying a certificate and key file to present for TLS client authentication with the backend.
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- **tls_insecure_skip_verify** turns off security. _Do not use in production._
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- **tls_timeout** is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that specifies how long to wait for the TLS handshake to complete.
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- **tls_trusted_ca_certs** is a list of PEM files that specify CA public keys to trust when connecting to the backend.
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- **tls_server_name** sets the ServerName (SNI) to put in the ClientHello; only needed if the remote server requires it.
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- **keepalive** is either `off` or a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that specifies how long to keep connections open.
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- **keepalive_idle_conns** defines the maximum number of connections to keep alive.
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- **keepalive_idle_conns_per_host** if non-zero, controls the maximum idle (keep-alive) connections to keep per-host. Default: `32`
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- **versions** allows customizing which versions of HTTP to support. As a special case, "h2c" is a valid value which will enable cleartext HTTP/2 connections to the upstream (however, this is a non-standard feature that does not use Go's default HTTP transport, so it is exclusive of other features; subject to change or removal). Default: `1.1 2`, or if scheme is `h2c://`, `h2c 2`
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- **compression** can be used to disable compression to the backend by setting it to `off`.
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- **max_conns_per_host** optionally limits the total number of connections per host, including connections in the dialing, active, and idle states. Has no limit by default.
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- **read_buffer** <span id="read_buffer"/> is the size of the read buffer in bytes.
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- **write_buffer** <span id="write_buffer"/> is the size of the write buffer in bytes.
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- **max_response_header** <span id="max_response_header"/> is the maximum amount of bytes to read from response headers.
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- **dial_timeout** <span id="dial_timeout"/> is how long to wait when connecting to the upstream socket. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations).
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- **dial_fallback_delay** <span id="dial_fallback_delay"/> is how long to wait before spawning an RFC 6555 Fast Fallback connection. A negative value disables this. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations).
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- **response_header_timeout** <span id="response_header_timeout"/> is how long to wait for reading response headers from the upstream. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations).
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- **expect_continue_timeout** <span id="expect_continue_timeout"/> is how long to wait for the upstreams's first response headers after fully writing the request headers if the request has the header `Expect: 100-continue`. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations).
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- **tls** <span id="tls"/> uses HTTPS with the backend. This will be enabled automatically if you specify backends using the `https://` scheme or port `:443`.
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- **tls_client_auth** <span id="tls_client_auth"/> enables TLS client authentication one of two ways: (1) by specifying a domain name for which Caddy should obtain a certificate and keep it renewed, or (2) by specifying a certificate and key file to present for TLS client authentication with the backend.
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- **tls_insecure_skip_verify** <span id="tls_insecure_skip_verify"/> turns off security. _Do not use in production._
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- **tls_timeout** <span id="tls_timeout"/> is a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that specifies how long to wait for the TLS handshake to complete.
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- **tls_trusted_ca_certs** <span id="tls_trusted_ca_certs"/> is a list of PEM files that specify CA public keys to trust when connecting to the backend.
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- **tls_server_name** <span id="tls_server_name"/> sets the ServerName (SNI) to put in the ClientHello; only needed if the remote server requires it.
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- **keepalive** <span id="keepalive"/> is either `off` or a [duration value](/docs/conventions#durations) that specifies how long to keep connections open.
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- **keepalive_idle_conns** <span id="keepalive_idle_conns"/> defines the maximum number of connections to keep alive.
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- **keepalive_idle_conns_per_host** <span id="keepalive_idle_conns_per_host"/> if non-zero, controls the maximum idle (keep-alive) connections to keep per-host. Default: `32`
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- **versions** <span id="versions"/> allows customizing which versions of HTTP to support. As a special case, "h2c" is a valid value which will enable cleartext HTTP/2 connections to the upstream (however, this is a non-standard feature that does not use Go's default HTTP transport, so it is exclusive of other features; subject to change or removal). Default: `1.1 2`, or if scheme is `h2c://`, `h2c 2`
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- **compression** <span id="compression"/> can be used to disable compression to the backend by setting it to `off`.
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- **max_conns_per_host** <span id="max_conns_per_host"/> optionally limits the total number of connections per host, including connections in the dialing, active, and idle states. Has no limit by default.
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}
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```
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- **root** is the root of the site. Default: `{http.vars.root}` or current working directory.
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- **split** is where to split the path to get PATH_INFO at the end of the URI.
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- **env** sets an extra environment variable to the given value. Can be specified more than once for multiple environment variables.
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- **resolve_root_symlink** enables resolving the `root` directory to its actual value by evaluating a symbolic link, if one exists.
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- **dial_timeout** is how long to wait when connecting to the upstream socket. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations). Default: no timeout.
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- **read_timeout** is how long to wait when reading from the FastCGI server. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations). Default: no timeout.
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- **write_timeout** is how long to wait when sending to the FastCGI server. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations). Default: no timeout.
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- **root** <span id="root"/> is the root of the site. Default: `{http.vars.root}` or current working directory.
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- **split** <span id="split"/> is where to split the path to get PATH_INFO at the end of the URI.
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- **env** <span id="env"/> sets an extra environment variable to the given value. Can be specified more than once for multiple environment variables.
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- **resolve_root_symlink** <span id="resolve_root_symlink"/> enables resolving the `root` directory to its actual value by evaluating a symbolic link, if one exists.
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- **dial_timeout** <span id="dial_timeout"/> is how long to wait when connecting to the upstream socket. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations). Default: no timeout.
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- **read_timeout** <span id="read_timeout"/> is how long to wait when reading from the FastCGI server. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations). Default: no timeout.
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- **write_timeout** <span id="write_timeout"/> is how long to wait when sending to the FastCGI server. Accepts [duration values](/docs/conventions#durations). Default: no timeout.
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### Intercepting responses
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The reverse proxy can be configured to intercept responses from the backend. To facilitate this, response matchers can be defined (similar to the syntax for request matchers) and the first matching `handle_response` route will be invoked. When this happens, the response from the backend is not written to the client, and the configured `handle_response` route will be executed instead, and it is up to that route to write a response.
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- **@name** is the name of a [response matcher](#response-matcher). As long as each response matcher has a unique name, multiple matchers can be defined. A response can be matched on the status code and presence or value of a response header.
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- **handle_response** defines the route to execute when matched by the given matcher (or, if a matcher is omitted, all responses). The first matching block will be applied. Inside a `handle_response` block, any other [directives](/docs/caddyfile/directives) can be used.
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- **handle_response** <span id="handle_response"/> defines the route to execute when matched by the given matcher (or, if a matcher is omitted, all responses). The first matching block will be applied. Inside a `handle_response` block, any other [directives](/docs/caddyfile/directives) can be used.
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Three placeholders will be made available to the `handle_response` routes:
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